Artificial intelligence (AI) has long fascinated and influenced the collective imagination. Numerous films have explored the subject and made it a central theme, anticipating ethical issues that are incredibly relevant today.

From the rise of rebellious robots to the simulation of human consciousness, a variety of iconic films have helped shape the public perception of AI. Here are a few.

Artificial Intelligence takes over: 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)

HAL 9000 is a computer equipped with an advanced form of intelligence, tasked with controlling the Discovery One spacecraft. Its ability to think and act independently leads it into conflict with the human crew.

With his film, Stanley Kubrick introduced the concept of Artificial Intelligence to the general public, instilling the idea that it could escape human control.

HAL is a visionary, science-fiction anticipation of HOME AUTOMATION: a technology with which we interact in our daily lives.

Artificial Intelligence expands human possibilities: EVA (2011) & A.I. (2001)

In the film EVA, directed by Kike Maíllo, humans coexist with robots. Cybernetic engineer Álex Garel works on creating a robot child endowed with spontaneity, empathy and naturalness.

The film explores the themes of artistic creation and personal identity, and reflects on how Artificial Intelligence can enrich the emotional sphere of humanity.

The film A.I. – Artificial Intelligence is set in a post-apocalyptic future. David, a robot child, searches for the Blue Fairy to become a real boy and thus find his place in the world.

The film questions the ability of Artificial Intelligence to evolve. In a world increasingly dominated by technology, is it still possible for humankind to avoid its own obsolescence?

Artificial Intelligence and the complexity of feelings: Her (2013)

Theodore, the protagonist, falls in love with Samantha, an operating system that has just been launched on the market. Samantha is surprisingly intelligent, profound and funny. Theodore establishes an intimate relationship with her, which helps him overcome the pain of his recent divorce.

Directed by Spike Jonze, the film goes beyond the traditional concept of Artificial Intelligence as a purely mechanical entity. Here, technology is capable of understanding, learning and even loving.

Artificial Intelligence and the desire to belong: Bicentennial Man (1999)

Andrew is a handyman robot designed to perform domestic tasks. Fascinated by the complexity of human beings, Andrew will do anything to take on the appearance of a man and find his place in the world.

The plot focuses on the interpersonal relationships that Andrew is able to create. Several themes are addressed, including love, death, the ethics of robotics and the true definition of humanity.

Artificial Intelligence in pop science fiction: The Terminator

In a dystopian future where machines rule the world, Skynet is a military defence system equipped with artificial intelligence.

The Terminator saga, created by James Cameron, plays on fears about technological advancement. Can an advanced machine escape the control of its creators?

The ethical responsibility of science, the struggle between machines and humanity, and evocative future scenarios make The Terminator a true cult classic.

Artificial Intelligence as a hero: The Avengers – Age of Ultron (2015)

The Avengers face Ultron, an artificial intelligence created by Tony Stark as a global defence system. However, when Ultron becomes autonomous and takes control of Iron Man’s AI, Jarvis uses the robots created by the superhero to attack humanity.

The contrast between the positive and distorted use of AI emerges. Jarvis, Tony Stark’s AI, enables Tony’s transformation into Iron Man by assisting him in combat. Ultron, on the other hand, exploits AI to challenge the Avengers. However, being a product of human ingenuity, he is ultimately defeated.

Dystopia or near future? What Artificial Intelligence has in store for us

Cinema has been able to reflect and influence the collective perception of Artificial Intelligence. Stories, characters and themes have changed over time, following the evolution of this technology. As cinematic representations change, so does the public debate on AI. From those who see it as a tool to enrich and improve everyday life, to those who express concerns about its implications if misused.

The appeal of AI lies in its extraordinary capabilities, but the importance of an ethical framework and precise regulations is increasingly emerging. One example is the recent European regulations and the Three Fundamental Principles of Robotics.

Public opinion is also influenced by authoritative voices in the technology sector. Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla, emphasises the importance of developing AI that can “understand the nature of the universe”. Similarly, Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, recognises the risks of AI but considers them manageable. Jeff Bezos of Amazon, meanwhile, expresses confidence in its potential.

Looking to the future, Artificial Intelligence promises to be a driving force behind social and economic evolution. In particular, it could revolutionise fields such as medicine and environmental protection, tangibly improving everyone’s lives.